CVE-2025-31161

CVE Enrichment

CVSS: 9.8 CRITICAL
EPSS: 99.97%
EPSS Percentile: 99.98%
CISA KEV: YES — Known Exploited Vulnerability

Description

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Technical Details

CVSS Version: 3.1
CNA / NVD Source: cve@mitre.org
Published: 04-Apr-2025 03:15
Last Modified: 17-Jun-2026 16:09
EPSS Date: 2026-10-16
CWE: CWE-305

CVSS Vector


            CVSS:3.1                            AV:N /
                            AC:L /
                            PR:N /
                            UI:N /
                            S:U /
                            C:H /
                            I:H /
                            A:H

CISA KEV Details

Date Added: 2025-04-07
Remediation Due: 2025-04-28
Known Ransomware Campaign Use: Known
Required Action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Notes: https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161

Affected Products / Versions

crushftp / crushftp
Version / affected range: * · from (inclusive) 10.0.0 · before (exclusive) 10.8.4
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
crushftp / crushftp
Version / affected range: * · from (inclusive) 11.0.0 · before (exclusive) 11.3.1
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References

Last enrichment sync: 18-Oct-2026 14:28
Sources: NVD · FIRST EPSS · CISA KEV
Latest successful provider update; providers refresh independently.

Reported Context (2)

On 4 April 2025, the CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Auth Bypass and Post-Exploitation blog was published, and on 14 April 2025, the CVE-2025-30406 - Critical Gladinet CentreStack & Triofox Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild Huntress Finds Attackers Reused Tactics in CrushFTP and CentreStack Intrusions
HomeBlogCrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Auth Bypass and Post-Exploitation Huntress Details CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Exploitation and Post-Exploitation Activity

CVE (1)

Malware (2)

MITRE ATT&CK (10)

Vendors (3)

Products (8)

Tools (4)

Industries (3)

Note: Related entities, including threat actors, malware, CVEs, MITRE ATT&CK techniques, vendors, products, tools, countries, and industries, are shown when they appear in the same reporting. Their presence does not necessarily mean they were targeted, compromised, vulnerable, responsible for the activity, or directly involved in the incident.